Search arXivSearch

arXiv · 2002.00402

Upgrading the Inner Tracking System and the Time Projection Chamber of ALICE

Abstract

The ALICE experiment at CERN is undergoing a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) of the LHC during 2019-2020. The key elements regarding the central barrel are the installation of a new Inner Tracking System (ITS) and the upgrade of the large Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The TPC is currently being upgraded with a new readout system, including new GEM-based Readout Chambers and new front-end electronics enabling us to operate it in continuous mode. The new ITS based on CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors will significantly improve the impact parameter resolution and the tracking efficiency, especially for particles with low transverse momenta, as well as the readout-rate capability. In the following, the upgrades and their assembly and commissioning status will be outlined. Furthermore, an outlook will be given on plans for the upgrade of the ITS foreseen for the third long shutdown of the LHC in 2025-2026. For this upgrade, the three innermost layers could be replaced by cylindrical detector layers, made of curved wafer-scale-sized CMOS sensors, to lower even further the material budget and to improve the pointing resolution.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Felix Reidt. 2020-02-02. Upgrading the Inner Tracking System and the Time Projection Chamber of ALICE. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121793

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Kinematic Fitting of electromagnetic calorimeter data - an improved method

Kinematic fitting is widely used in particle physics experiments as a powerful tool to improve experimental resolutions, to suppress background and to provide selection criteria for the identification of specific reactions. Kinematic fitting methods, however, typically assume that the fitted quantities follow Gaussian distributions; an assumption which does not always hold. This is particularly true for energy measurements from electromagnetic calorimeters. This issue can largely be overcome by performing a transformation of the non-Gaussian variables into variables which follow a Gaussian distribution. The new adapted kinematic fitting procedure allows to better account for the non-Gaussian nature of the measured calorimeter energies, at the same time improving the accuracy and robustness of the kinematic fit. This leads to improved pull and confidence-level distributions of the kinematic fit as well as improved invariant mass distributions and signal-to-background ratios in the final event sample.

physics.ins-det

Radiation hardness characterization of SiPM sensors for Low Earth Orbit space missions

This work presents a comprehensive radiation hardness characterization of SiPM devices for space-based applications: FBK NUV-HD-MT and NUV-HD-LowCT (1$\times$1, 3$\times$3, and 6$\times$6~mm$^2$) and Hamamatsu S14160 MPPCs with equivalent active areas. Total Ionizing Dose (TID) tests were performed at the ESA/ESTEC Co-60 facility with a level of dose up to 20~krad in silicon, while displacement damage effects were evaluated using 100~MeV protons with a fluence up to $1.12\times10^{11}$~p/cm$^2$ at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Radiation damage in SiPMs manifests through two main mechanisms: ionizing energy loss and non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL), which increases dark current and dark count rate. In this work, breakdown voltage, dark current, and quenching resistance were systematically measured as functions of accumulated dose and fluence. Gain and dark count rates were indirectly measured from the characterized electrical parameters. Both technologies exhibit remarkable stability of most of the functional parameters across all dose levels, while dark current shows predictable increases significantly more pronounced under proton irradiation due to displacement damage. Based on these results, both FBK and Hamamatsu devices are confirmed suitable for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mission environment.

physics.ins-det

Characterization of immersed SiPM arrays in liquid scintillator between room temperature and $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$

Liquid scintillator detectors instrumented with distributed silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays can be used in compact, topology-sensitive, and low-background experiments, but the temperature dependence of SiPMs immersed directly in the scintillation medium has not been widely characterized. We report the operation of a 125-liter linear-alkylbenzene-based liquid scintillator detector read out by 125 SiPM channels immersed in the active volume, over the range from room temperature to $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. The detector response was measured with cosmic-ray muons, including stopping muons followed by their Michel-electron decay. Cooling from $+15\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ reduced the SiPM dark-count rate by a factor of 13.5, increased the single-photoelectron response by 49.1%, and increased the cosmic-ray muon light yield by 16.7%. The improved photoelectron separation and baseline stability at low temperature enabled a selection of stopping-muon events, from which the effective muon lifetime was measured to be $1959\pm132\,\mathrm{ns}$, consistent with the value expected for a hydrocarbon scintillator once $μ^{-}$ capture on carbon is taken into account.

physics.ins-det