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arXiv · 2002.05178

The first blazar observed at z>6

S. Belladitta·A. Moretti·A. Caccianiga·C. Spingola·P. Severgnini·R. Della Ceca·G. Ghisellini·D. Dallacasa·T. Sbarrato·C. Cicone·L. P. Cassarà·M. Pedani
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Abstract

We present the discovery of PSO J030947.49+271757.31, the radio brightest (23.7 mJy at 1.4 GHz) active galactic nucleus (AGN) at z>6.0. It was selected by cross-matching the NRAO VLA Sky Survey and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System PS1 databases and its high-z nature was confirmed by a dedicated spectroscopic observation at the Large Binocular Telescope. A pointed Neil Gehrels $Swift$ Observatory XRT observation allowed us to measure a flux of $\sim$3.4$\times$10$^{-14}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ in the [0.5-10] keV energy band, which also makes this object the X-ray brightest AGN ever observed at z>6.0. Its flat radio spectrum ($\alpha_{\nu r}$<0.5), very high radio loudness (R>10$^3$), and strong X-ray emission, compared to the optical, support the hypothesis of the blazar nature of this source. %i.e. a radio-loud (RL) AGN with the relativistic jet pointed toward us. Assuming that this is the only blazar at this redshift in the surveyed area of sky, we derive a space density of blazars at z$\sim$6 and with M$_{1450 \mbox{\AA}}$ < -25.1 of 5.5$^{+11.2}_{-4.6}$$\times$10$^{-3}$ Gpc$^{-3}$. From this number, and assuming a reasonable value of the bulk velocity of the jet ($\Gamma$=10), we can also infer a space density of the entire radio-loud AGN population at z$\sim$6 with the same optical/UV absolute magnitude of 1.10$^{+2.53}_{-0.91}$ Gpc$^{-3}$. Larger samples of blazars will be necessary to better constrain these estimates.

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S. Belladitta, A. Moretti, A. Caccianiga, C. Spingola, P. Severgnini, R. Della Ceca, G. Ghisellini, D. Dallacasa, T. Sbarrato, C. Cicone, L. P. Cassarà, M. Pedani. 2020-02-12. The first blazar observed at z>6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937395

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