Molecule formation in dust-poor irradiated jets I. Stationary disk winds

Abstract

Recent ALMA observations suggest that the highest velocity part of molecular protostellar jets are launched from the dust-sublimation regions of the accretion disks (<0.3 au). However, formation and survival of molecules in inner protostellar disk winds, in the presence of a harsh FUV radiation field and the absence of dust, remain unexplored. We aim at determining if simple molecules can be synthesized and spared in fast and collimated dust-free disk winds or if a fraction of dust is necessary to explain the observed molecular abundances. This work is based on the Paris-Durham shock code designed to model irradiated environments. Fundamental properties of the dust-free chemistry are investigated from single point models. A laminar 1D disk wind model is then built using a parametric flow geometry. This model includes time-dependent chemistry and the attenuation of the radiation field by gas-phase photoprocesses. We show that a small fraction of H2 (< 1e-2), primarily formed through the H- route, can efficiently initiate molecule synthesis such as CO and SiO above TK ~ 800 K. The attenuation of the radiation field by atomic species (eg. C, Si, S) proceeds through continuum self-shielding. This process ensures efficient formation of CO, OH, SiO, H2O through neutral-neutral reactions, and the survival of these molecules. Class 0 dust-free winds with high mass-loss rates ($\dot{M}_w >$ 2e-6 Msun/yr) are predicted to be rich in molecules if warm (TK > 800 K). The molecular content of disk winds is very sensitive to the presence of dust and a mass-fraction of surviving dust as small as 1e-5 significantly increases the H2O and SiO abundances. Chemistry of high-velocity jets is a powerful tool to probe their content in dust and uncover their launching point. Models of internal shocks are required to fully exploit the current (sub-)millimeter observations and prepare future JWST observations.