A time-dependent harmonic oscillator with two frequency jumps: an exact algebraic solution

Abstract

We consider a harmonic oscillator (HO) with a time dependent frequency which undergoes two successive abrupt changes. By assumption, the HO starts in its fundamental state with frequency ω_{0}, then, at t = 0, its frequency suddenly increases to ω_{1} and, after a finite time interval τ, it comes back to its original value ω_{0}. Contrary to what one could naively think, this problem is a quite non-trivial one. Using algebraic methods we obtain its exact analytical solution and show that at any time t > 0 the HO is in a squeezed state. We compute explicitly the corresponding squeezing parameter (SP) relative to the initial state at an arbitrary instant and show that, surprisingly, it exhibits oscillations after the first frequency jump (from ω_{0} to ω_{1}), remaining constant after the second jump (from ω_{1} back to ω_{0}). We also compute the time evolution of the variance of a quadrature. Last, but not least, we calculate the vacuum (fundamental state) persistence probability amplitude of the HO, as well as its transition probability amplitude for any excited state.