Approaching the Self-Dual Point of the Sinh-Gordon model

Abstract

One of the most striking but mysterious properties of the sinh-Gordon model (ShG) is the $b \rightarrow 1/b$ self-duality of its $S$-matrix, of which there is no trace in its Lagrangian formulation. Here $b$ is the coupling appearing in the model's eponymous hyperbolic cosine present in its Lagrangian, $\cosh(bϕ)$. In this paper we develop truncated spectrum methods (TSMs) for studying the sinh-Gordon model at a finite volume as we vary the coupling constant. We obtain the expected results for $b \ll 1$ and intermediate values of $b$, but as the self-dual point $b=1$ is approached, the basic application of the TSM to the ShG breaks down. We find that the TSM gives results with a strong cutoff $E_c$ dependence, which disappears according only to a very slow power law in $E_c$. Standard renormalization group strategies -- whether they be numerical or analytic -- also fail to improve upon matters here. We thus explore three strategies to address the basic limitations of the TSM in the vicinity of $b=1$. In the first, we focus on the small-volume spectrum. We attempt to understand how much of the physics of the ShG is encoded in the zero mode part of its Hamiltonian, in essence how `quantum mechanical' vs `quantum field theoretic' the problem is. In the second, we identify the divergencies present in perturbation theory and perform their resummation using a supra-Borel approximate. In the third approach, we use the exact form factors of the model to treat the ShG at one value of $b$ as a perturbation of a ShG at a different coupling. In the light of this work, we argue that the strong coupling phase $b > 1$ of the Lagrangian formulation of model may be different from what is naïvely inferred from its $S$-matrix. In particular, we present an argument that the theory is massless for $b>1$.