Numbers which are orders only of cyclic groups

Abstract

We call $n$ a cyclic number if every group of order $n$ is cyclic. It is implicit in work of Dickson, and explicit in work of Szele, that $n$ is cyclic precisely when $\gcd(n,ϕ(n))=1$. With $C(x)$ denoting the count of cyclic $n\le x$, Erdős proved that $$C(x) \sim e^{-γ} x/\log\log\log{x}, \quad\text{as $x\to\infty$}.$$ We show that $C(x)$ has an asymptotic series expansion, in the sense of Poincaré, in descending powers of $\log\log\log{x}$, namely $$\frac{e^{-γ} x}{\log\log\log{x}} \left(1-\fracγ{\log\log\log{x}} + \frac{γ^2 + \frac{1}{12}π^2}{(\log\log\log{x})^2} - \frac{γ^3 +\frac{1}{4} γπ^2 + \frac{2}{3}ζ(3)}{(\log\log\log{x})^3} + \dots \right). $$