On $L$-Functions of Modular Elliptic Curves and Certain $K3$ Surfaces

Abstract

Inspired by Lehmer's conjecture on the nonvanishing of the Ramanujan $τ$-function, one may ask whether an odd integer $α$ can be equal to $τ(n)$ or any coefficient of a newform $f(z)$. Balakrishnan, Craig, Ono, and Tsai used the theory of Lucas sequences and Diophantine analysis to characterize non-admissible values of newforms of even weight $k\geq 4$. We use these methods for weight $2$ and $3$ newforms and apply our results to $L$-functions of modular elliptic curves and certain $K3$ surfaces with Picard number $\ge 19$. In particular, for the complete list of weight $3$ newforms $f_λ(z)=\sum a_λ(n)q^n$ that are $η$-products, and for $N_λ$ the conductor of some elliptic curve $E_λ$, we show that if $|a_λ(n)|<100$ is odd with $n>1$ and $(n,2N_λ)=1$, then \begin{align*} a_λ(n) \in \,& \{-5,9,\pm 11,25, \pm41, \pm 43, -45,\pm47,49, \pm53,55, \pm59, \pm61, \pm 67\}\\ & \,\,\, \cup \, \{-69,\pm 71, \pm 73,75, \pm79,\pm81, \pm 83, \pm89,\pm 93 \pm 97, 99\}. \end{align*} Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we can rule out a few more possibilities leaving \begin{align*} a_λ(n) \in \{-5,9,\pm 11,25,-45,49,55,-69,75,\pm 81,\pm 93, 99\}. \end{align*}