A Data-Driven Control-Theoretic Paradigm for Pandemic Mitigation with Application to Covid-19

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new control-theoretic paradigm for mitigating the spread of a virus. To this end, our discrete-time controller, aims to reduce the number of new daily deaths, and consequently, the cumulative number of deaths. In contrast to much of the existing literature, we do not rely on a potentially complex virus transmission model whose equations must be customized to the "particulars" of the pandemic at hand. For new viruses such as Covid-19, the epidemiology driving the modelling process may not be well known and model estimation with limited data may be unreliable. With this motivation in mind, the new paradigm described here is data-driven and, to a large extent, we avoid modelling difficulties by concentrating on just two key quantities which are common to pandemics: the doubling time, denoted by $d(k)$ and the peak day denoted by $θ(k)$. Our numerical studies to date suggest that our appealingly simple model can provide a reasonable fit to real data. Given that time is of the essence during the ongoing global health crisis, the intent of this paper is to introduce this new paradigm to control practitioners and describe a number of new research directions suggested by our current results.