Gain-assisted chiral soliton microcombs

Abstract

The emerging microresonator-based frequency combs revolutionize a broad range of applications from optical communications to astronomical calibration. Despite of their significant merits, low energy efficiency and the lack of all-optical dynamical control severely hinder the transfer of microcomb system to real-world applications. Here, by introducing active lasing medium into the soliton microcomb, for the first time, we experimentally achieve the chiral soliton with agile on-off switch and tunable dual-comb generation in a packaged microresonator. It is found that such a microresonator enables a soliton slingshot effect, the rapid soliton formation arising from the extra energy accumulation induced by inter-modal couplings. Moreover, tuning the erbium gain can generate versatile multi-soliton states, and extend the soliton operation window to a remarkable range over 18 GHz detuning. Finally, the gain-assisted chirality of counterpropagating soliton is demonstrated, which enables an unprecedented fast on-off switching of soliton microcombs. The non-trivial chiral soliton formation with active controllability inspires new paradigms of miniature optical frequency combs and brings the fast tunable soliton tools within reach.