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arXiv · 2009.00779

Geometrical formulation for adjoint-symmetries of partial differential equations

Stephen C. Anco·Bao Wang
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Abstract

A geometrical formulation for adjoint-symmetries as 1-forms is studied for general partial differential equations (PDEs), which provides a dual counterpart of the geometrical meaning of symmetries as tangent vector fields on the solution space of a PDE. Two applications of this formulation are presented. Additionally, for systems of evolution equations, adjoint-symmetries are shown to have another geometrical formulation given by 1-forms that are invariant under the flow generated by the system on the solution space. This result is generalized to systems of evolution equations with spatial constraints, where adjoint-symmetry 1-forms are shown to be invariant up to a functional multiplier of a normal 1-form associated to the constraint equations. All of the results are applicable to the PDE systems of interest in applied mathematics and mathematical physics.

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Stephen C. Anco, Bao Wang. 2020-09-02. Geometrical formulation for adjoint-symmetries of partial differential equations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00779

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