A note on the large charge expansion in 4d CFT

Abstract

In this letter, we discuss certain universal predictions of the large charge expansion in conformal field theories with $U(1)$ symmetry, mainly focusing on four-dimensional theories. We show that, while in three dimensions quantum fluctuations are responsible for the existence of a theory-independent $Q^0$ term in the scaling dimension $Δ_Q$ of the lightest operator with fixed charge $Q\gg 1$, in four dimensions the same mechanism provides a universal $Q^0\log Q$ correction to $Δ_Q$. Previous works discussing four-dimensional theories failed in identifying this term. We also compute the first subleading correction to the OPE coefficient corresponding to the insertion of an arbitrary primary operator with small charge $q\ll Q$ in between the minimal energy states with charge $Q$ and $Q+q$, both in three and four dimensions. This contribution does not depend on the operator insertion and, similarly to the quantum effects in $Δ_Q$, in four dimensions it scales logarithmically with $Q$.