Eliminating $volume$ fluctuations in fixed-target heavy-ion experiments

Abstract

Experimental and theoretical studies of fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus interactions at high energies have started to play a major role in understanding of the concept of strong interactions. The elaborated procedures have been developed to disentangle different processes happening during nucleus-nucleus collisions. The fluctuations caused by a variation of the number of nucleons which participated in a collision are frequently considered the unwanted one. The methods to eliminate these fluctuations in fixed-target experiments are reviewed and tested. They can be of key importance in the following ongoing fixed-target heavy-ion experiments: NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS, STAR-FT at the BNL RHIC, BM\@N at JINR Nuclotron, HADES at the GSI SIS18 and in future experiments such as NA60+ at the CERN SPS, CBM at the FAIR SIS100, JHITS at J-PARC-HI MR.