Backreaction of Mass and Angular Momentum Accretion on Black Holes: General Formulation of the Metric Perturbations and Application to the Blandford-Znajek Process

Abstract

We study the metric backreaction of mass and angular momentum accretion on black holes. We first develop the formalism of monopole and dipole linear gravitational perturbations around the Schwarzschild black holes in the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates against the generic time-dependent matters. We derive the relation between the time dependence of the mass and angular momentum of the black hole and the energy-momentum tensors of accreting matters. As a concrete example, we apply our formalism to the Blandford-Znajek process around the slowly rotating black holes. We find that the time dependence of the monopole and dipole perturbations can be interpreted as the slowly rotating Kerr metric with time-dependent mass and spin parameters, which are determined from the energy and angular momentum extraction rates of the Blandford-Znajek process. We also show that the Komar angular momentum and the area of the apparent horizon are decreasing and increasing in time, respectively, while they are consistent with the Blandford-Znajek argument of energy extraction in term of black hole mechanics if we regard the time-dependent mass parameter as the energy of the black hole.