Near-threshold scaling of resonant inelastic collisions at ultralow temperatures

Abstract

We show that the cross sections for a broad range of resonant {\it inelastic} processes accompanied by excitation exchange (such as spin-exchange, Förster resonant, or angular momentum exchange) exhibit an unconventional near-threshold scaling $E^{Δm_{12}}$, where $E$ is the collision energy, $Δm_{12}=m_1'+m_2'-m_1-m_2$, and $m_i$ and $m_i'$ are the initial and final angular momentum projections of the colliding species ($i=1,\,2$). In particular, the inelastic cross sections for $Δm_{12}=0$ transitions display an unconventional $E^0$ scaling similar to that of elastic cross sections, and their rates vanish as $T^{Δm_{12}+1/2}$. For collisions dominated by even partial waves (such as those of identical bosons in the same internal state) the scaling is modified to $σ_\text{inel}\propto E^{Δm_{12} +1} $ if $Δm_{12}$ is odd. We present accurate quantum scattering calculations that illustrate these modified threshold laws for resonant spin exchange in ultracold Rb+Rb and O$_2$+O$_2$ collisions. Our results illustrate that the threshold scaling of collision cross sections is determined only by the energetics of the underlying process (resonant vs. exothermic) rather than by whether the internal states of colliding particles is changed in the collision.