Two-dimensional self-interlocking structures in three-space

Vassily O. Manturov; Alexei Kanel-Belov; Seongjeong Kim

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2109.06426

Two-dimensional self-interlocking structures in three-space

Vassily O. Manturov·Alexei Kanel-Belov·Seongjeong Kim

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

It is well known that if there exists a finite set of convex bodies on the plane with non-overlapping interiors, then there is at least one "extremal" one among them, i.e., some one which can be continuously "taken away to the infinity" (outside a large ball containing all other bodies). In 3-space a phenomenon of self-interlocking structures takes place. A self-interlocking structure is such a set of three-dimensional convex bodies with non-overlapping interiors that any infinitesimal move of any of them is possible only as a part of the move of all bodies as a solid body. Previously known self-interlocking structures are based on configurations of cut cubes, tetrahedra, and octahedra. In the present paper we discover a principally new phenomenon of 2-dimensional self-interlocking structures: a family of 2-dimensional polygons in 3-space where no infinitesimal move of any piece is possible. (Infinitely thin) tiles are used to create {\em decahedra}, which, in turn, used to create columns, which turn out to be stable when we fix some two extreme tiles. Seemingly, our work is the first appearance of the structure which is stable if we fix just two tiles (and not all but one). Two-dimensional self-interlocking structures naturally lead to three-dimensional structures possessing the same properties.

Explore related subjects

math.MG

Keep this discovery

BibTeX RIS

Vassily O. Manturov, Alexei Kanel-Belov, Seongjeong Kim. 2021-09-14. Two-dimensional self-interlocking structures in three-space. https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.06426

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Tile sets consisting of two types of concave polygons derived from periodic tilings corresponding to non-periodic tilings with hat and turtle tiles

Using a convex pentagonal monotile belonging to the Type 5 family, we investigate the relationships among the hat tile, turtle tile, and Tile$(1, 1)$. By applying Sugimoto's Perspective and Amfirifma's Perspective, we obtain four types of concave polygons, AH-tile, BH-tile, AT-tile, and BT-tile, each having Heesch number 1 under the conditions considered. We show that these polygons correspond to clusters used to generate the non-periodic tilings $\mathscr{T}_h$ and $\mathscr{T}_s$. We further discuss the possibility that tile sets consisting of pairs selected from these polygons may correspond to $\textit{ASPmr}\{\text{A-tile}, \text{B-tile}\}$.

math.MG↗

arXiv2026

The mean distance to a simple closed curve on the sphere

Kimberling's Problem 10 asks for a simple closed curve of prescribed length $L$ (in particular, $L=4\pi$) on the unit sphere minimizing the mean geodesic distance $\mathcal{J}$ from a point of the sphere to the curve. For a positive integer $n$, put $\vartheta_{n}=\pi/(2n)$ and $L_{n}=2\pi/\sin\vartheta_{n}$. We show that the minimum of $\mathcal{J}$ over rectifiable simple closed curves of length at most $L_{n}$ equals $\vartheta_{n}-\tan(\vartheta_{n}/2)$, that it is attained only by curves of length exactly $L_{n}$, and that the sphere-filling ropes $\beta^{n,k}$ of Gerlach and von der Mosel attain it. Kimberling's case is $n=3$: at $L=4\pi$ the minimum is $\pi/6+\sqrt{3}-2=0.255649\ldots$, attained by an explicit six-arc curve and by its mirror image. For $L\le2\pi$ we determine $J(L)$, the infimum of $\mathcal{J}$ over curves of length $L$, exactly: it equals $\pi/2-L/(2\pi)$, attained precisely by the circles of length $L$. At the lengths $L_{n}$ we do not classify all minimizers, but show that every one of them bisects the sphere into two disks of area $2\pi$ and inradius $\vartheta_{n}$ whose inward collars have the largest possible area at every depth. The great circle is the only minimizer for $n=1$, and the $\beta^{n,k}$ are, up to congruence, the only ones of thickness at least $\sin\vartheta_{n}$. For arbitrary $L$ the function $J$ is nonincreasing, and together with the above this brackets it between two explicit values.

math.MG↗

arXiv2026

The topology of Gromov--Hausdorff space

We prove that the Gromov--Hausdorff space is homeomorphic to the Hilbert space. This paper is divided into four parts. In Part I, we construct an assignment of a full-support probability measure to every nonempty compact metric space that respects isometries and is continuous for simultaneous Hausdorff convergence of the spaces and weak convergence of the measures. In Part II, we use these measures to construct finite-dimensional local models whose induced pseudometrics approximate the original distances uniformly and whose norms and point maps vary continuously up to orthogonal changes of coordinates. In Part III, we use the local models to prove that the Gromov--Hausdorff space is an absolute retract for all metrizable spaces. In Part IV, we establish a discrete approximation property and conclude that the space of isometry classes of nonempty compact metric spaces is homeomorphic to the real separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space.

math.MG↗