Exact integrability conditions for cotangent vector fields

Abstract

In Quantum Hydro-Dynamics the following problem is relevant: let $(\sqrtρ,Λ) \in H^1(\R^d) \times L^2(\R^d,\R^d)$ be a finite energy hydrodynamics state, i.e. $Λ= 0$ when $ρ= 0$ and \begin{equation*} E = \int_{\R^d} \frac{1}{2} \big| \nabla \sqrtρ \big|^2 + \frac{1}{2} Λ^2 \mathcal L^d < \infty. \end{equation*} The question is under which conditions there exists a wave function $ψ\in H^1(\R^d,\C)$ such that \begin{equation*} \sqrtρ = |ψ|, \quad J = \sqrtρ Λ= \Im \big( \bar ψ\nabla ψ). \end{equation*} The second equation gives for $ψ= \sqrtρ w$ smooth, $|w| = 1$, that $i Λ= \sqrtρ \bar w \nabla w$. Interpreting $ρ\mathcal L^d$ as a measure in the metric space $\R^d$, this question can be stated in generality as follows: given metric measure space $(X,d,μ)$ and a cotangent vector field $v \in L^2(T^* X)$, is there a function $w \in H^1(μ,\mathbb S^1)$ such that \begin{equation*} dw = i w v. \end{equation*} %dw = i w v$? We show that under some assumptions on the metric measure space $(X,d,μ)$ (conditions which are verified on Riemann manifolds with the measure $μ= ρ\mathrm{Vol}$ or more generally on non-branching $MCP(K,N)$), we show that the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of $w$ is that (in the case of differentiable manifold) \begin{equation*} \int v(γ(t)) \cdot \dot γ(t) dt \in 2π\Z \end{equation*} for $π$-a.e. $γ$, where $π$ is a test plan supported on closed curves. This condition generalizes the conditions that the vorticity is quantized. We also give a representation of every possible solution. In particular, we deduce that the wave function $ψ= \sqrtρ w$ is in $W^{1,2}(X)$ whenever $\sqrtρ \in W^{1,2}(X)$.