On the inclusion ideal graph of semigroups

Abstract

The inclusion ideal graph $\mathcal{I}n(S)$ of a semigroup $S$ is an undirected simple graph whose vertices are all nontrivial left ideals of $S$ and two distinct left ideals $I, J$ are adjacent if and only if either $I \subset J$ or $J \subset I$. The purpose of this paper is to study algebraic properties of the semigroup $S$ as well as graph theoretic properties of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$. In this paper, we investigate the connectedness of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$. We show that diameter of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$ is at most $3$ if it is connected. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of $S$ such that the clique number of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$ is $n$, where $n$ is the number of minimal left ideals of $S$. Further, various graph invariants of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$ viz. perfectness, planarity, girth etc. are discussed. For a completely simple semigroup $S$, we investigate various properties of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$ including its independence number and matching number. Finally, we obtain the automorphism group of $\mathcal{I}n(S)$.