Koszul algebras and Donaldson-Thomas invariants

Abstract

For a given symmetric quiver $Q$, we define a supercommutative quadratic algebra $\mathcal{A}_Q$ whose Poincaré series is related to the motivic generating function of $Q$ by a simple change of variables. The Koszul duality between supercommutative algebras and Lie superalgebras assigns to the algebra $\mathcal{A}_Q$ its Koszul dual Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{g}_Q$. We prove that the motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants of the quiver $Q$ may be computed using the Poincaré series of a certain Lie subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}_Q$ that can be described, using an action of the first Weyl algebra on $\mathfrak{g}_Q$, as the kernel of the operator $\partial_t$. This gives a new proof of positivity for motivic Donaldson--Thomas invariants. In addition, we prove that the algebra $\mathcal{A}_Q$ is numerically Koszul for every symmetric quiver $Q$ and conjecture that it is in fact Koszul; we also prove this conjecture for quivers of a certain class.