Long Spin Coherence Times of Nitrogen Vacancy Centres in Milled Nanodiamonds

Abstract

Nanodiamonds containing negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centres (${\text{NV}}^{-}$) have applications as localized sensors in biological material and have been proposed as a platform to probe the macroscopic limits of spatial superposition and the quantum nature of gravity. A key requirement for these applications is to obtain nanodiamonds containing ${\text{NV}}^{-}$ with long spin coherence times. Using milling to fabricate nanodiamonds processes the full 3D volume of the bulk material at once, unlike etching, but has, up to now, limited ${\text{NV}}^{-}$ spin coherence times. Here, we use natural isotopic abundance nanodiamonds produced by ${\text{Si}}_{3}{\text{N}}_{4}$ ball milling of bulk diamond grown by chemical vapour deposition with an average single substitutional nitrogen concentration of $121 ~\text{ppb}$. We show that the electron spin coherence times of ${\text{NV}}^{-}$ centres in these nanodiamonds can exceed $400 ~μ\text{s}$ at room temperature with dynamical decoupling. Scanning electron microscopy provides images of the specific nanodiamonds containing ${\text{NV}}^{-}$ for which a spin coherence time was measured.