Applications of Nijenhuis geometry III: Frobenius pencils and compatible non-homogeneous Poisson structures

Abstract

We consider multicomponent local Poisson structures of the form $\mathcal P_3 + \mathcal P_1$, under the assumption that the third order term $\mathcal P_3$ is Darboux-Poisson and non-degenerate, and study the Poisson compatibility of two such structures. We give an algebraic interpretation of this problem in terms of Frobenius algebras and reduce it to classification of Frobenius pencils, i.e. of linear families of Frobenius algebras. Then, we completely describe and classify Frobenius pencils under minor genericity conditions. In particular we show that each such Frobenuis pencil is a subpencil of a certain maximal pencil. These maximal pencils are uniquely determined by some combinatorial object, a directed rooted in-forest with edges labeled by numbers $λ_α$'s and vertices labeled by natural numbers whose sum is the dimension of the manifold. These pencils are naturally related to certain (polynomial, in the most nondegenerate case) pencils of Nijenhuis operators. We show that common Frobenius coordinate systems admit an elegant invariant description in terms of the Nijenhuis pencil.