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arXiv · 2201.08205

Emulation of the Cosmic Dawn 21-cm Power Spectrum and Classification of Excess Radio Models Using an Artificial Neural Network

Sudipta Sikder·Rennan Barkana·Itamar Reis·Anastasia Fialkov
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Abstract

The cosmic 21-cm line of hydrogen is expected to be measured in detail by the next generation of radio telescopes. The enormous dataset from future 21-cm surveys will revolutionize our understanding of early cosmic times. We present a machine learning approach based on an Artificial Neural Network that uses emulation in order to uncover the astrophysics in the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn. Using a seven-parameter astrophysical model that covers a very wide range of possible 21-cm signals, over the redshift range 6 to 30 and wavenumber range $0.05$ to $1 \ \rm{Mpc}^{-1}$ we emulate the 21-cm power spectrum with a typical accuracy of $10 - 20\%$. As a realistic example, we train an emulator using the power spectrum with an optimistic noise model of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Fitting to mock SKA data results in a typical measurement accuracy of $2.8\%$ in the optical depth to the cosmic microwave background, $34\%$ in the star-formation efficiency of galactic halos, and a factor of 9.6 in the X-ray efficiency of galactic halos. Also, with our modeling we reconstruct the true 21-cm power spectrum from the mock SKA data with a typical accuracy of $15 - 30\%$. In addition to standard astrophysical models, we consider two exotic possibilities of strong excess radio backgrounds at high redshifts. We use a neural network to identify the type of radio background present in the 21-cm power spectrum, with an accuracy of $87\%$ for mock SKA data.

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Sudipta Sikder, Rennan Barkana, Itamar Reis, Anastasia Fialkov. 2024-01-10. Emulation of the Cosmic Dawn 21-cm Power Spectrum and Classification of Excess Radio Models Using an Artificial Neural Network. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras%2Fstad3699

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