Motional decoherence in ultracold Rydberg atom quantum simulators of spin models

Abstract

Ultracold Rydberg atom arrays are an emerging platform for quantum simulation and computing. However, decoherence in these systems remains incompletely understood. Recent experiments [Guardado-Sanchez et al. Phys. Rev. X 8, 021069 (2018)] observed strong decoherence in the quench and longitudinal-field-sweep dynamics of two-dimensional Ising models realized with Lithium-6 Rydberg atoms in optical lattices. This decoherence was conjectured to arise from spin-motion coupling. Here we show that spin-motion coupling indeed leads to decoherence in qualitative, and often quantitative, agreement with the experimental data, treating the difficult spin-motion coupled problem using the discrete truncated Wigner approximation method. We also show that this decoherence will be an important factor to account for in future experiments with Rydberg atoms in optical lattices and microtrap arrays, and discuss methods to mitigate the effect of motion, such as using heavier atoms or deeper traps.