Characterizations of Perfect fluid spacetimes obeying $f(\mathcal{R})$-gravity equipped with different gradient solitons

Abstract

The prime object of this article is to study the perfect fluid spacetimes obeying $f(\mathcal{R})$-gravity, when $η$-Ricci solitons, gradient $η$-Ricci solitons, gradient Einstein Solitons and gradient $m$-quasi Einstein solitons are its metrics. At first, the existence of the $η$-Ricci solitons is proved by a non-trivial example. We establish conditions for which the $η$-Ricci solitons are expanding, steady or shrinking. Besides, in the perfect fluid spacetimes obeying $f(\mathcal{R})$-gravity, when the potential vector field of $η$-Ricci soliton is of gradient type, we acquire a Poisson equation. Moreover, we investigate gradient $η$-Ricci solitons, gradient Einstein Solitons and gradient $m$-quasi Einstein solitons in $f(\mathcal{R})$-gravity, respectively. As a result, we establish some significant theorems about dark matter era.