Mobius fluid dynamics on the unitary groups]{Möbius fluid dynamics on the unitary groups

Abstract

We study the nonrigid dynamics induced by the standard birational actions of the split unitary groups $G=O_{o}\left( n,n\right) $, $SU\left( n,n\right) $ and $Sp\left( n,n\right) $ on the compact classical Lie groups $M=SO_{n}$, $% U_{n}$ and $Sp_{n}$, respectively. More precisely, we study the geometry of $% G$ endowed with the kinetic energy metric associated with the action of $G$ on $M,$ assuming that $M$ carries its canonical bi-invariant Riemannian metric and has initially a homogeneous distribution of mass. By the least action principle, force free motions (thought of as curves in $G$) correspond to geodesics of $G$. The geodesic equation may be understood as an inviscid Burgers equation with Möbius constraints. We prove that the kinetic energy metric on $G$ is not complete and in particular not invariant, find symmetries and totally geodesic submanifolds of $G$ and address the question under which conditions geodesics of rigid motions are geodesics of $G$. Besides, we study equivalences with the dynamics of conformal and projective motions of the sphere in low dimensions.