Dark Photon Dark Matter without Stueckelberg Mass

Abstract

We study the scenario of dark photon Dark Matter where the mass is generated through the Higgs mechanism rather than the constant Stueckelberg mass. In this construction the dark sector contains necessarily extra degrees of freedom and interactions that lead to non-trivial dynamics including thermalization, phase transitions, cosmic string production. As a consequence the predictions of Stueckelberg theories are vastly modified, strongly depending on the couplings to curvature and on the scale of inflation $H_I$ compared to the scale $f$ of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We find in particular that only in extreme regions of parameter space the phenomenology of Stueckelberg dark photon is reproduced. These scenarios are strongly constrained by isocurvature perturbations unless the dark sector is approximately Weyl invariant.