On-demand continuous-variable quantum entanglement source for integrated circuits

Abstract

Integration of devices generating nonclassical states~(such as entanglement) into photonic circuits is one of the major goals in achieving integrated quantum circuits~(IQCs). This is demonstrated successfully in recent decades. Controlling the nonclassicality generation in these micron-scale devices is also crucial for the robust operation of the IQCs. Here, we propose a micron-scale quantum entanglement device whose nonlinearity (so the generated nonclassicality) can be tuned by several orders of magnitude via an \textit{applied voltage} without altering the linear response. Quantum emitters~(QEs), whose level-spacing can be tuned by voltage, are embedded into the hotspot of a metal nanostructure~(MNS). QE-MNS coupling introduces a Fano resonance in the ``nonlinear response''. Nonlinearity, already enhanced extremely due to localization, can be controlled by the QEs' level-spacing. Nonlinearity can either be suppressed (also when the probe is on the device) or be further enhanced by several orders. Fano resonance takes place in a relatively narrow frequency window so that $\sim$meV voltage-tunability for QEs becomes sufficient for a \textit{continuous} turning on/off of the nonclassicality. This provides as much as 5 orders of magnitude modulation depths.