Temperature and net baryochemical potential dependence of $η/s$ in a hybrid approach

Abstract

In this work, the qualitative impact of the net baryochemical potential dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $η/s$ in hydrodynamical simulations is studied. The effect of a predicted non-constant $η/s$($μ_B$) is largely unexplored in hydrodynamic simulations. Previous studies focus only on a temperature dependence or even only a constant effective shear viscosity. This work addresses this issue by studying qualitatively the effect of a generalized $η/s$($T,μ_B$) in the hybrid approach SMASH-vHLLE, composed of the hadronic transport approach SMASH and the (3+1)d viscous hydrodynamic code vHLLE. In order to reduce the bias of the result on the equation of state used in the hydrodynamic part of the model, $η/s$ is parameterized directly in the energy density and net baryon number density. The parameterization takes into account the constraints of matching to the transport coefficients in the hadronic phase, as well as pQCD results. This work compares the impact of the density dependence for different system sizes and energies and compares the observables with experimental results in the RHIC - BES region $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =7.7 - 39.0 GeV, as the effect of this generalization is especially relevant for intermediate collision energies, for which the system is in equilibrium for a relevant amount of time, but the net baryochemical potential does not vanish. It is shown that the effect of an explicit net baryon number dependence on the elliptic flow is negligible and only relevant in the early stages of the collision. Additionally, we find that the proposed parameterization could be a good proxy for the shear viscosity in the non-equilibrium hadronic transport stage.