Real-Time Scheduling of Machine Learning Operations on Heterogeneous Neuromorphic SoC

Abstract

Neuromorphic Systems-on-Chip (NSoCs) are becoming heterogeneous by integrating general-purpose processors (GPPs) and neural processing units (NPUs) on the same SoC. For embedded systems, an NSoC may need to execute user applications built using a variety of machine learning models. We propose a real-time scheduler, called PRISM, which can schedule machine learning models on a heterogeneous NSoC either individually or concurrently to improve their system performance. PRISM consists of the following four key steps. First, it constructs an interprocessor communication (IPC) graph of a machine learning model from a mapping and a self-timed schedule. Second, it creates a transaction order for the communication actors and embeds this order into the IPC graph. Third, it schedules the graph on an NSoC by overlapping communication with the computation. Finally, it uses a Hill Climbing heuristic to explore the design space of mapping operations on GPPs and NPUs to improve the performance. Unlike existing schedulers which use only the NPUs of an NSoC, PRISM improves performance by enabling batch, pipeline, and operation parallelism via exploiting a platform's heterogeneity. For use-cases with concurrent applications, PRISM uses a heuristic resource sharing strategy and a non-preemptive scheduling to reduce the expected wait time before concurrent operations can be scheduled on contending resources. Our extensive evaluations with 20 machine learning workloads show that PRISM significantly improves the performance per watt for both individual applications and use-cases when compared to state-of-the-art schedulers.