Sun-as-a-star Analyses of Various Solar Active Events Using H$α$ Spectral Images Taken by SMART/SDDI

Abstract

Sun-as-a-star analyses, in which observational data is spatially integrated, are useful for interpreting stellar data. For future applications to stellar observations, we performed Sun-as-a-star analyses of H$α$ spectra for various active events on the Sun, not only for flares and filament eruptions/surges on the solar disk, but also for eruptions of off limb prominences using H$α$ spectral images taken by the Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope / Solar Dynamics Doppler Imager (SMART/SDDI) at Hida Observatory, Kyoto University. All the analyzed events show emission relative to the pre-event state and the changes in their H$α$ equivalent widths are all on the orders of 10$^{-4}$ Å. Sun-as-a-star H$α$ spectra exhibit different features depending on the causes of the emission: (i) Flares show emission at the H$α$ line center, together with red asymmetry and line broadening, as reported in a previous study. (ii) Filament eruptions with and without flares show emission near the H$α$ line center, accompanied by blue-/red-shifted absorption. Notably, disappearance of dark filaments leads to the apparent enhancement of the H$α$ line center emission. (iii) Eruptions of off limb prominences show blue-/red-shifted emission. These spectral features enable us to identify the active phenomena on Sun-like stars. We have also found that even the filament eruptions showing red-shifted absorptions in Sun-as-a-star H$α$ spectra lead to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This result suggests that even if the falling components of stellar filament eruptions are detected as red-shifted absorptions in H$α$ spectra, such stellar filament eruptions may also develop into CMEs.