Non-uniqueness for the nonlocal Liouville equation in $\mathbb{R}$ and applications

Abstract

We construct multiple solutions to the nonlocal Liouville equation \begin{equation} \label{eqk} \tag{L} (-Δ)^{\frac{1}{2}} u = K(x) e^u \quad \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}. \end{equation} More precisely, for $K$ of the form $K(x) = 1+\varepsilon κ(x)$ with $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$ small and $κ\in C^{1,α}(\mathbb{R}) \cap L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ for some $α> 0$, we prove existence of multiple solutions to \eqref{eqk} bifurcating from the bubbles. These solutions provide examples of flat metrics in the half-plane with prescribed geodesic curvature $K(x)$ on its boundary. Furthermore, they imply the existence of multiple ground state soliton solutions for the Calogero-Moser derivative NLS.