Two-sided heat kernel estimates for Schr\"{o}dinger operators with unbounded potentials

Abstract

Consider the Schr\"odinger operator $ \mathcal L^V=-\Delta+V $ on $\R^d$, where $V:\R^d\to [0,\infty)$ is a nonnegative and locally bounded potential on $\R^d$ so that for all $x\in \R^d$ with $|x|\ge 1$, $c_1g(|x|)\le V(x)\le c_2g(|x|)$ with some constants $c_1,c_2>0$ and a nondecreasing and strictly positive function $g:[0,\infty)\to [1,+\infty)$ that satisfies $g(2r)\le c_0 g(r)$ for all $r>0$ and $\lim_{r\to \infty} g(r)=\infty.$ We establish global in time and qualitatively sharp bounds for the heat kernel of the associated Schr\"{o}dinger semigroup by the probabilistic method. In particular, we can present global in space and time two-sided bounds of heat kernel even when the Schr\"{o}dinger semigroup is not intrinsically ultracontractive. Furthermore, two-sided estimates for the corresponding Green's functions are also obtained.