Encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle II: absorption at sticky boundaries

Abstract

In this paper we develop an encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) confined to a finite interval $[0,L]$ with partially absorbing, sticky boundaries at both ends. We assume that the particle switches between two constant velocity states $\pm v$ at a rate $α$. Whenever the particle hits a boundary, it becomes stuck by pushing on the boundary until either a tumble event reverses the swimming direction or it is permanently absorbed. We formulate the absorption process by identifying the first passage time (FPT) for absorption with the event that the time $A(t)$ spent attached to either wall up to time $t$ (the occupation time) crosses some random threshold $\hat{A}$. Taking $Ψ({a})\equiv\mathbb{P}[\hat{A}\gt{a}]$ to be an exponential distribution, $Ψ[{a}]=e^{-κ_0a}$, we show that the joint probability density for particle position $X(t)$ and velocity state $σ(t)=\pm $ satisfies a well-defined boundary value problem (BVP) with $κ_0$ representing a constant absorption rate. The solution of this BVP determines the so-called occupation time propagator, which is the joint probability density for the triplet $(X(t),A(t),σ(t))$. The propagator is then used to incorporate more general models of absorption based on non-exponential (non-Markovian) distributions $Ψ(a)$. We illustrate the theory by calculating the mean FPT (MFPT) and splitting probabilities for absorption. We also show how our previous results for partially absorbing, non-sticky boundaries can be recovered in an appropriate limit. Absorption now depends on the number of collisions $\ell(t)$ of the RTP with the boundary. Finally, we extend the theory by taking absorption to depend on the individual occupation times at the two ends.