Quantum estimation and remote charge sensing with a hole-spin qubit in silicon

Abstract

Hole-spin qubits in semiconductors represent a mature platform for quantum technological applications. Here we consider their use as quantum sensors, and specifically for inferring the presence and estimating the distance from the qubit of a remote charge. Different approaches are considered - based on the use of single or double quantum dots, ground and out-of-equilibrium states, Rabi and Ramsey measurements - and comparatively analyzed by means of the discrimination probability, and of the classical and quantum Fisher information. Detailed quantitative aspects result from the multiband character of the hole states, which we account for by means of the Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian. Furthermore, general conclusions can be drawn on the relative efficiency of the above options, and analytical expressions are derived for the Fisher information of a generic qubit within the Rabi and Ramsey schemes.