Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2304.01245

No reliable studies of climate change without Henry's Law and a new thermometer for the global temperature

Jyrki Kauppinen·Pekka Malmi
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

In our previous paper "No experimental evidence for the significant anthropogenic climate change" we had a reference to this paper. Thus, we have presented a new theory: how Henry's Law regulates the concentration of CO$_2$ in the atmosphere. This theory uses a physically perfect unit impulse response to convolve signals. By comparing the theory and the present observations we are able to derive the response time about 7.4 years, which is roughly the residence time of CO$_2$ in the atmosphere. In addition, according to Henry's Law we can derive the temperature dependence of the equilibrium concentration of CO$_2$. It turns out that now the major increase of CO$_2$ in the atmosphere is due to the temperature change, the reason for which is approximately a change of cloudiness ($90\%$) and the rest ($10\%$) the greenhouse effect. The corresponding increase of CO$_2$ is $83$~ppm/$^\circ$C. According to our theory, the causality is very clear: the increase of the temperature results in more CO$_2$ in the atmosphere. This further CO$_2$ concentration increases also the temperature but less than $10\%$ via the greenhouse effect. The human contribution to the CO$_2$ concentration and the temperature is very small. About $90\%$ of a big human release of CO$_2$ dissolves in water. That is why the human release now warms the climate less than $0.03 ^\circ$C. We can also perform an inverse operation or calculate the temperature profile from the observed CO$_2$ curve. So we propose a new thermometer for the global surface temperature. This can be used almost in real time and it is more accurate than the present methods. It turns out that probably also N$_2$O and SF$_6$ concentrations in the atmosphere operate as global thermometers.

Explore related subjects

physics.ao-ph

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Jyrki Kauppinen, Pekka Malmi. 2023-04-03. No reliable studies of climate change without Henry's Law and a new thermometer for the global temperature. https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.01245

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Windowed Envelope Statistics for Time-Domain Significant Wave Height Estimation From HF Radar

Significant wave height (SWH) retrieval from high-frequency (HF) radar typically relies on a weak second-order Doppler continuum that is sensitive to noise, interference, and spectral leakage. This letter presents a Windowed Envelope Statistics Estimator (WESE) that operates directly on beam-formed time-domain voltages. A second-order term obtained from a Neumann expansion of the rough-surface field equation motivates quadratic compensation of localized radar features. WESE extracts the mean, standard deviation, or variance from overlapping windows of the in-phase, quadrature, or envelope-magnitude sequence, followed by quadratic compensation, rank ordering, least-squares regression, and causal smoothing. Evaluation used 335 synchronized hourly observations from a 13.385 MHz, 12-element WERA system at Argentia, Newfoundland and Labrador. The optimal configuration used quadrature variance, a 16-sample window, 896 retained chronological samples, and 30-h smoothing, achieving an RMSE of 0.152 m and a Pearson correlation of 0.978. This represents RMSE reductions of 32.1% and 18.7% relative to previously reported linear and second-order compensated ordered-statistics models, respectively. The results demonstrate robust time-domain SWH estimation without explicit Doppler-spectrum construction.

physics.ao-ph↗
arXiv2026

KiloDA: Reconstructing kilometer-scale near-surface wind states from sparse station observations

Accurate kilometer-scale near-surface winds are important for understanding atmospheric processes over complex terrain, yet remain difficult to reconstruct from sparse and unevenly distributed observations. Here we introduce KiloDA, a diffusion framework for hourly kilometer-scale wind reconstruction from surface stations. KiloDA learns the statistical distribution and spatial structure of wind fields from historical 3-km Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model forecasts. At each reconstruction time, no contemporaneous WRF field is used. Instead, station observations provide the only constraints on the current atmospheric state and guide posterior sampling from the learned prior. In idealized WRF experiments, KiloDA recovers localized wind structures when only 0.24% of grid cells are observed and shows an overall advantage over conventional interpolation across terrain conditions and wind speed regimes. This capability largely transfers to real observations. In a fully withheld region, KiloDA reduces the median wind speed root mean square error (RMSE) by 19% relative to ERA5 reanalysis, using only observations outside the region, with the largest improvements over high-elevation and high-relief terrain. A random station holdout further confirms that this advantage extends across different complex-terrain locations and holdout configurations. These results show that historical model archives can provide useful structural knowledge for reconstructing kilometer-scale wind fields from sparse observations without requiring an accurate model estimate of the current atmospheric state.

physics.ao-ph↗