Properties of quark matter and hybrid stars from a quasiparticle model

Abstract

We investigate the properties of hybrid stars with the hadron-quark phase transition by using a quasiparticle model. Results from our study indicate that the coupling constant $g$ can stiffen the EOS of hybrid star matter and thus increase the hybrid star maximum mass and its tidal deformability, whereas it also decreases the mass and radius of the pure quark core. In addition, we find that a step change of the sound velocity occurs in the hadron-quark mixed phase, and it is restored with the decrease of nucleon and lepton degrees of freedom in the high density quark phase. The approximate rule that the polytropic index $γ\leq 1.75$ can also be used as a criterion for separating hadronic from quark matter in our work. The hypothesis of absolutely stable SQM (or "Witten hypothesis") suggests that a hybrid star containing a sufficient amount of SQM in its core will rapidly convert into a strange quark star. The SQM in hybrid stars therefore should break the absolutely stable condition, and the energy per nucleon ($E/A$) of both $ud$QM and SQM must exceed the lowest energy per nucleon 930 MeV. As a result, we provide the maximum mass, minimum radius $R_{1.4}$ and minimum tidal deformation $Λ_{1.4}$ of the hybrid stars as well as the maximum mass and radius of the quark matter core with different $g$ values within the allowable regions ($E/A>930$ MeV) on the $g-B^{1/4}$ plane. Using the constraints from astrophysical observations and heavy-ion experiments for comparison, our results indicate that the recently discovered massive neutron stars be well described as hybrid stars in the quasiparticle model, and confirm that the sizable quark-matter cores ($R_{QC}>6.5$ km) containing the mixed phase can appear in $2M_{\odot}$ massive stars.