Constraining $η/s$ through high-p$_\perp$ theory and data

Abstract

We study whether it is possible to use high-$p_\perp$ data/theory to constrain the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio $η/s$ of the matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We use two approaches: i) We calculate high-$p_\perp$ $R_{AA}$ and flow coefficients $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$ assuming different $(η/s)(T)$ of the fluid-dynamically evolving medium. ii) We calculate the quenching strength ($\hat{q}/T^3$) from our dynamical energy loss model and convert it to $η/s$ as a function of temperature. It turned out that the first approach can not distinguish between different $(η/s)(T)$ assumptions when the evolution is constrained to reproduce the low-$p_\perp$ data. In distinction, $(η/s)(T)$ calculated using the second approach agrees surprisingly well with the $(η/s)(T)$ inferred through state-of-the-art Bayesian analyses of the low-$p_\perp$ data even in the vicinity of $T_c$, while providing much smaller uncertainties at high temperatures.