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arXiv · 2307.14863

IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer

Xiaochen Ma·Bo Du·Zhuohang Jiang·Xia Du·Ahmed Y. Al Hammadi·Jizhe Zhou
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Abstract

Advanced image tampering techniques are increasingly challenging the trustworthiness of multimedia, leading to the development of Image Manipulation Localization (IML). But what makes a good IML model? The answer lies in the way to capture artifacts. Exploiting artifacts requires the model to extract non-semantic discrepancies between manipulated and authentic regions, necessitating explicit comparisons between the two areas. With the self-attention mechanism, naturally, the Transformer should be a better candidate to capture artifacts. However, due to limited datasets, there is currently no pure ViT-based approach for IML to serve as a benchmark, and CNNs dominate the entire task. Nevertheless, CNNs suffer from weak long-range and non-semantic modeling. To bridge this gap, based on the fact that artifacts are sensitive to image resolution, amplified under multi-scale features, and massive at the manipulation border, we formulate the answer to the former question as building a ViT with high-resolution capacity, multi-scale feature extraction capability, and manipulation edge supervision that could converge with a small amount of data. We term this simple but effective ViT paradigm IML-ViT, which has significant potential to become a new benchmark for IML. Extensive experiments on three different mainstream protocols verified our model outperforms the state-of-the-art manipulation localization methods. Code and models are available at https://github.com/SunnyHaze/IML-ViT.

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Xiaochen Ma, Bo Du, Zhuohang Jiang, Xia Du, Ahmed Y. Al Hammadi, Jizhe Zhou. 2024-11-24. IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer. https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.14863

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