Cheeger cuts and Robin spectral minimal partitions of metric graphs

Abstract

We study partition problems based on two ostensibly different kinds of energy functionals defined on $k$-partitions of metric graphs: Cheeger-type functionals whose minimisers are the $k$-Cheeger cuts of the graph, and the corresponding values are the $k$-Cheeger constants of the graph; and functionals built using the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian with positive, i.e. absorbing, Robin (delta) vertex conditions at the boundary of the partition elements. We prove existence of minimising $k$-partitions, $k \geq 2$, for both these functionals. We also show that, for each $k \geq 2$, as the Robin parameter $α\to 0$, up to a renormalisation the spectral minimal Robin energy converges to the $k$-Cheeger constant. Moreover, up to a subsequence, the Robin spectral minimal $k$-partitions converge in a natural sense to a $k$-Cheeger cut of the graph. Finally, we show that as $α\to \infty$ there is convergence in a similar sense to the corresponding Dirichlet minimal energy and partitions. It is strongly expected that similar results hold on general (smooth, bounded) Euclidean domains and manifolds.