Pion-sigma meson vortices in rotating systems

Abstract

Possibilities of the formation of the pion-sigma meson field vortices in a rotating empty vessel (in vacuum) and in the pion-sigma Bose-Einstein condensates at a dynamically fixed particle number are studied within the linear $σ$ model at zero temperature. The charged $σπ^{\pm}$ and neutral $σπ^0$ complex field ansatze (models 1 and 2) are studied. First it is analysed, which of these configurations is energetically favorable in case of the system at rest. Then conditions are found, at which a chiral field storm can arise in a rotating empty vessel. In the model 1 an important role played by the electric field is demonstrated. Its appearance may allow for formation of a supervortex (vortex with a large angular momentum) in case of the empty vessel rotating with an overcritical angular velocity. Influence of magnetic field is also studied. Field configurations in presence and absence of the meson self-interaction are found in both models. Then it is shown that description of the charged (in model 1) and neutral (in model 2) rotating pion-sigma Bose-Einstein condensates is analogous to that for the Bose-Einstein condensates in cold atomic gases. Various field configurations such as vortex lines, rings and spirals are discussed. Conditions for existence of the rigid-body rotation of the vortex lattice are then analysed. Observational effects for vortex fields in rotating vessels, energetic heavy-ion collisions and in rotating superheavy nuclei and nuclearites are discussed.