Flux-Tunable Josephson Diode Effect in a Hybrid Four-Terminal Josephson Junction

M. Coraiola; A. E. Svetogorov; D. Z. Haxell; D. Sabonis; M. Hinderling; S. C. ten Kate; E. Cheah; F. Krizek; R. Schott; W. Wegscheider; J. C. Cuevas; W. Belzig; F. Nichele

doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c01642

arXiv · 2312.04415

Flux-Tunable Josephson Diode Effect in a Hybrid Four-Terminal Josephson Junction

M. Coraiola·A. E. Svetogorov·D. Z. Haxell·D. Sabonis·M. Hinderling·S. C. ten Kate·E. Cheah·F. Krizek·R. Schott·W. Wegscheider·J. C. Cuevas·W. Belzig·F. Nichele

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Abstract

We investigate the direction-dependent switching current in a flux-tunable four-terminal Josephson junction defined in an InAs/Al two-dimensional heterostructure. The device exhibits the Josephson diode effect, with switching currents that depend on the sign of the bias current. The superconducting diode efficiency, reaching a maximum of $|\eta|\approx34\%$, is widely tunable - both in amplitude and sign - as a function of magnetic fluxes and gate voltages. Our observations are supported by a circuit model of three parallel Josephson junctions with non-sinusoidal current-phase relation. With respect to conventional Josephson interferometers, phase-tunable multiterminal Josephson junctions enable large diode efficiencies in structurally symmetric devices, where local magnetic fluxes break both time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries. Our work establishes a pathway to develop Josephson diodes with wide-range tunability and that do not rely on exotic materials or externally applied magnetic fields.

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M. Coraiola, A. E. Svetogorov, D. Z. Haxell, D. Sabonis, M. Hinderling, S. C. ten Kate, E. Cheah, F. Krizek, R. Schott, W. Wegscheider, J. C. Cuevas, W. Belzig, F. Nichele. 2023-12-07. Flux-Tunable Josephson Diode Effect in a Hybrid Four-Terminal Josephson Junction. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c01642

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