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arXiv · 2401.06320

Zero-shot Generative Large Language Models for Systematic Review Screening Automation

Shuai Wang·Harrisen Scells·Shengyao Zhuang·Martin Potthast·Bevan Koopman·Guido Zuccon
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Abstract

Systematic reviews are crucial for evidence-based medicine as they comprehensively analyse published research findings on specific questions. Conducting such reviews is often resource- and time-intensive, especially in the screening phase, where abstracts of publications are assessed for inclusion in a review. This study investigates the effectiveness of using zero-shot large language models~(LLMs) for automatic screening. We evaluate the effectiveness of eight different LLMs and investigate a calibration technique that uses a predefined recall threshold to determine whether a publication should be included in a systematic review. Our comprehensive evaluation using five standard test collections shows that instruction fine-tuning plays an important role in screening, that calibration renders LLMs practical for achieving a targeted recall, and that combining both with an ensemble of zero-shot models saves significant screening time compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

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Shuai Wang, Harrisen Scells, Shengyao Zhuang, Martin Potthast, Bevan Koopman, Guido Zuccon. 2024-01-12. Zero-shot Generative Large Language Models for Systematic Review Screening Automation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.06320

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