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arXiv · 2401.11657

A photon-level broadband dual-comb interferometer for turbulent open-air trace gases detection application

Wei Zhong·Yingyu Liu·Qin Yin·Ruocan Zhao·Yiwei Ding·Chong Wang·Tindi Chen·Xiankang Dou·Xianghui Xue
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Abstract

Open-path dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) significantly enhances our understanding of regional trace gases. However, due to technical challenges, cost considerations, and eye-safety regulations, its sensing range and flexibility remain limited. The photon-counting DCS demonstrated recently heralds potential innovations over open-path DCS. Nevertheless, a major challenge in open-air applications of this approach lies in accurately extracting information from the arrival time of photons that have traversed the turbulent atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate a photon-level dual-comb interferometer for field deployment in open-air environments, uniquely designed to counteract the impact of optical path-length variations caused by atmospheric turbulence and fiber-length wandering. Under variable optical path-length conditions, 20nm broadband absorption spectrum of H13C14N is acquired, with the power per comb line detected as low as 4 attowatt . Furthermore, this photon-level DCS achieves comb-line resolution with a quantum-noise-limited signal-to-noise (SNR). This paves the way for novel open-path DCS applications, including non-cooperative target sensing and sensing over a hundred-kilometers range, all within a portable, fieldable, eye-safety and low power consumption system.

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Wei Zhong, Yingyu Liu, Qin Yin, Ruocan Zhao, Yiwei Ding, Chong Wang, Tindi Chen, Xiankang Dou, Xianghui Xue. 2024-01-22. A photon-level broadband dual-comb interferometer for turbulent open-air trace gases detection application. https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.11657

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