Rigid clusters in shear-thickening suspensions: a nonequilibrium critical transition

Abstract

The onset and growth of rigid clusters in a two-dimensional (2D) suspension in shear flow are studied by numerical simulations. The suspension exhibits the lubricated-to-frictional rheology transition, but the key results here are for stresses above the levels that cause extreme shear-thickening. At large solid fraction, $ϕ$, but below the stress-dependent jamming fraction, we find a critical $ϕ_{c}(σ,μ)$ where $σ$ is a dimensionless shear stress and $μ$ is the interparticle friction coefficient. For $ϕ>ϕ_c$, the proportion of particles in rigid clusters grows sharply, as $f_{\rm rig} \sim |ϕ-ϕ_{c}|^β$ with $β=1/8$. The fluctuations in the fraction of particles in rigid clusters yield a susceptibility measure $χ_{\rm rig} \sim |ϕ-ϕ_{c}|^{-γ}$ with $γ= 7/4$. The system is thus found to exhibit criticality. The results are shown to depend on an effective field $h(μ)$, which provides data collapse near $ϕ_c$ for both $f_{\rm rig}$ and $χ_{\rm rig}$. This behavior occurs over a range of stresses, with $ϕ_c(σ,μ)$ increasing as the stress decreases.