Nearly-optimal effective stability estimates around Diophantine tori of Hölder Hamiltonians

Abstract

We prove that the solutions of Hölder-differentiable Hamiltonian systems, associated to initial conditions in a small ball of radius $ρ>0$ around a Lagrangian, $(γ,τ)-$Diophantine, quasi-periodic torus, are stable over a time $t^{\text{stab}}\simeq 1/(|ρ|^{1+\frac{\ell-1}{τ+1}}|\ln ρ|^{\ell-1})$, where $\ell>2d+1, \ell \in \mathbb R$, is the regularity, and $d$ is the number of degrees of freedom. In the finitely differentiable case (for integer $\ell$), this result improves the previously known effective stability bounds around Diophantine tori. Moreover, by a previous work based on the Anosov-Katok construction, it is known that for any $\varepsilon>0$ there exists a $C^\ell$-Hamiltonian, with $ \ell\ge 3$, admitting a sequence of solutions starting at distance $ρ_n \to 0$ from a $(γ,τ)$-Diophantine torus that diffuse in a time of order $t^{\text{diff}}_n\simeq 1/(|ρ_n|^{1+\frac{\ell-1}{τ+1}+\varepsilon})$. Therefore the stability estimates that we show are optimal up to an arbitrarily small polynomial correction.