Induced supersolidity and hypersonic flow of a dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in a rotating bubble trap

Abstract

Motivated by the recent realization of space-borne Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs) under micro-gravity conditions, we extend the understanding of ultracold dipolar bosonic gases by exploring their behavior in a novel trapping configuration known as the ``bubble trap" topology. Utilizing the three-dimensional numerical simulations within the extended Gross-Pitaevskii framework, we unveil diverse ground state phases in this static curved topology. Subsequently, we investigate the influence of rotation on a dipolar BEC confined to the surface of a spherical bubble. Our findings reveal that the rotation of a bubble trap at certain rotation frequencies can modify the effective local dipole-dipole interaction strength, leading to the induction of supersolidity and the formation of quantum droplets. In addition, we demonstrate that a bubble trap can sustain high circulation, with the flow persisting for a longer time. Significantly, adjusting the rf detuning parameter allows the condensate to achieve hypersonic velocity. Finally, we also explore the impact of drastic change in the topological nature of the trap on the rotating dipolar BEC, transitioning from a filled shell trap to a bubble trap and vice versa. Based on the results of the topological transition, we propose a dynamic protocol to drive the interacting atomic gas into the quantum Hall regime.