Substructures within Substructures in the Complex Post-Merging System A514 Unveiled by High-Resolution Magellan/Megacam Weak Lensing

Abstract

Abell 514 (A514) at $z=0.071$ is an intriguing merging system exhibiting highly elongated (~1 Mpc) X-ray features and three large-scale (300~500 kpc) bent radio jets. To dissect this system with its multi-wavelength data, it is critical to robustly identify and quantify its dark matter (DM) substructures. We present a weak-lensing analysis of A514 using deep Magellan/Megacam observations. Combining two optical band filter imaging data obtained under optimal seeing (~0.''6) and leveraging the proximity of A514, we achieve a high source density of ~$46\mbox{arcmin}^{-2}$ or ~$\mathrm{6940Mpc^{-2}}$, which enables high-resolution mass reconstruction. We unveil the complex DM substructures of A514, which are characterized by the NW and SE subclusters separated by ~$0.7$Mpc, each exhibiting a bimodal mass distribution. The total mass of the NW subcluster is estimated to be $\mathrm{M^{NW}_{200c} = 1.08_{-0.22}^{+0.24} \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}}$ and is further resolved into the eastern ($\mathrm{M^{NW_E}_{200c} = 2.6_{-1.1}^{+1.4} \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}})$ and western ($\mathrm{M^{NW_W}_{200c} = 7.1_{-2.0}^{+2.3} \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}}$) components. The mass of the SE subcluster is $\mathrm{M^{SE}_{200c} = 1.55_{-0.26}^{+0.28} \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}}$, which is also further resolved into the northern ($\mathrm{M^{SE_N}_{200c} = 2.9_{-1.3}^{+1.8} \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}}$) and southern ($\mathrm{M^{SE_S}_{200c} = 8.5_{-2.6}^{+3.0} \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}}$) components. These four substructures coincide with the A514 brightest galaxies and are detected with significances ranging from 3.4$σ$ to 4.8$σ$. Comparison of the dark matter substructures with the X-ray distribution suggests that A514 might have experienced an off-axis collision, and the NW and SE subclusters are currently near their apocenters.