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arXiv · 2405.14782

Lessons from the Trenches on Reproducible Evaluation of Language Models

Stella Biderman·Hailey Schoelkopf·Lintang Sutawika·Leo Gao·Jonathan Tow·Baber Abbasi·Alham Fikri Aji·Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi·Sidney Black·Jordan Clive·Anthony DiPofi·Julen Etxaniz·Benjamin Fattori·Jessica Zosa Forde·Charles Foster·Jeffrey Hsu·Mimansa Jaiswal·Wilson Y. Lee·Haonan Li·Charles Lovering·Niklas Muennighoff·Ellie Pavlick·Jason Phang·Aviya Skowron·Samson Tan·Xiangru Tang·Kevin A. Wang·Genta Indra Winata·François Yvon·Andy Zou
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Abstract

Reliable evaluation of language models (LMs) remains an open challenge. Re- searchers and engineers face methodological issues such as the sensitivity of models to evaluation setup, difficulty of proper comparisons across methods, and the lack of reproducibility and transparency. Evaluation difficulties are exacer- bated by the fracturing and siloing of information about conventions and common practices. In this paper we draw on three years of experience in evaluating large lan- guage models (LMs) as developers of the popular Language Model Evaluation Harness (lm-eval) (Gao et al., 2023) framework to provide guidance and lessons for the field moving forward. We document a variety of challenges faced by prac- titioners and provide concrete instances where these challenges or the absence of best practices have come into effect. We make recommendations to the field for improving evaluation rigor and confidence, and attempt to codify much of the tacit or folk knowledge surrounding LM evaluation, for a solid ground to move forward.

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Stella Biderman, Hailey Schoelkopf, Lintang Sutawika, Leo Gao, Jonathan Tow, Baber Abbasi, Alham Fikri Aji, Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi, Sidney Black, Jordan Clive, Anthony DiPofi, Julen Etxaniz, Benjamin Fattori, Jessica Zosa Forde, Charles Foster, Jeffrey Hsu, Mimansa Jaiswal, Wilson Y. Lee, Haonan Li, Charles Lovering, Niklas Muennighoff, Ellie Pavlick, Jason Phang, Aviya Skowron, Samson Tan, Xiangru Tang, Kevin A. Wang, Genta Indra Winata, François Yvon, Andy Zou. 2026-05-31. Lessons from the Trenches on Reproducible Evaluation of Language Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14782

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