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arXiv · 2406.12947

AutoFirm: Automatically Identifying Reused Libraries inside IoT Firmware at Large-Scale

YongLe Chen·Feng Ma·Ying Zhang·YongZhong He·Haining Wang·Qiang Li
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Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become indispensable to our daily lives and work. Unfortunately, developers often reuse software libraries in the IoT firmware, leading to a major security concern. If vulnerabilities or insecure versions of these libraries go unpatched, a massive number of IoT devices can be impacted. In this paper, we propose the AutoFirm, an automated tool for detecting reused libraries in IoT firmware at a large scale. Specifically, AutoFirm leverages the syntax information (library name and version) to determine whether IoT firmware reuses the libraries. We conduct a large-scale empirical study of reused libraries of IoT firmware, investigating more than 6,900+ firmware and 2,700+ distinct vulnerabilities affecting 11,300+ vulnerable versions from 349 open-source software libraries. Leveraging this diverse information set, we conduct a qualitative assessment of vulnerable library versions to understand security gaps and the misplaced trust of libraries in IoT firmware. Our research reveals that: manufacturers neglected to update outdated libraries for IoT firmware in 67.3\% of cases; on average, outdated libraries persisted for over 1.34 years prior to remediation; vulnerabilities of software libraries have posed server threats to widespread IoT devices.

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YongLe Chen, Feng Ma, Ying Zhang, YongZhong He, Haining Wang, Qiang Li. 2024-06-18. AutoFirm: Automatically Identifying Reused Libraries inside IoT Firmware at Large-Scale. https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.12947

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