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arXiv · 2410.00236

CLASSY XI: Tracing Neutral Gas Properties using UV Absorption Lines and 21-cm Observations

Kaelee S. Parker·Danielle A. Berg·Simon Gazagnes·John Chisholm·Bethan L. James·Matthew Hayes·Timothy Heckman·Alaina Henry·Michelle A. Berg·Karla Z. Arellano-Cordova·Xinfeng Xu·Dawn K. Erb·Crystal L. Martin·Weida Hu·Evan D. Skillman·Kristen B. W. McQuinn·Zuyi Chen·Dan P. Stark
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Abstract

Rest-frame far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations from JWST are revolutionizing our understanding of the high-z galaxies that drove reionization and the mechanisms by which they accomplished it. To fully interpret these observations, we must be able to diagnose how properties of the interstellar medium (ISM; e.g., column density, covering fraction, outflow velocity) directly relate to the absorption features produced. Using the high-S/N and high-resolution FUV spectra of 45 nearby star-forming galaxies from CLASSY, we present the largest uniform, simultaneous characterization of neutral and low-ionization state (LIS) interstellar UV absorption lines (OI, SiII, SII, CII, AlII) across a wide range of galaxy properties. We also present 21-cm HI observations for 35 galaxies, multiple of which are gas-poor or non-detected, possibly indicating the onset of a post-starburst phase. We find that our simultaneous 1-component Voigt profile fits are capable of accurately modeling the LIS absorption for ~75% of galaxies, mitigating challenges associated with saturation, infilling, and degeneracies. While the most massive galaxies require additional components, our 1-component fits return average properties of the absorbing gas and follow the scaling relations described by a single gas cloud. We explore connections between LIS absorption and direct tracers of the neutral ISM (OI, Ly-alpha, HI 21-cm), finding that CII most closely traces the neutral gas trends while other ions exhibit weaker correlations. Given the challenges with directly observing HI at higher-z, we demonstrate that LIS absorption can be a powerful means to study the neutral ISM and present empirical relationships for predicting neutral gas properties.

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Kaelee S. Parker, Danielle A. Berg, Simon Gazagnes, John Chisholm, Bethan L. James, Matthew Hayes, Timothy Heckman, Alaina Henry, Michelle A. Berg, Karla Z. Arellano-Cordova, Xinfeng Xu, Dawn K. Erb, Crystal L. Martin, Weida Hu, Evan D. Skillman, Kristen B. W. McQuinn, Zuyi Chen, Dan P. Stark. 2024-09-30. CLASSY XI: Tracing Neutral Gas Properties using UV Absorption Lines and 21-cm Observations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00236

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