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arXiv · 2410.01082

Comparative CFD modelling of the interplay between aqueous humour hydrodynamics and drug and nanocarrier transport for glaucoma drug delivery via intracameral injection, drug-eluting implants and contact lenses

Nazifa Begum·Robert Dinita·Naman Patel·Umar Pitafi·Tao Chen·Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man·Daniel Sebastia-Saez
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Abstract

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and often requires long-term administration of intraocular pressure-lowering agents. The effectiveness of ocular drug delivery depends not only on the delivery route but also on the transport mechanisms governing drug distribution within the eye. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework was developed to investigate the influence of aqueous humour hydrodynamics on the transport of dissolved drugs and nanocarriers delivered by three clinically relevant strategies: intracameral injection, drug-eluting implants and contact lenses. An idealised three-dimensional model of the anterior segment was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics v6.4, incorporating aqueous humour flow, thermal convection, drug transport, saccadic eye movements and particle tracing. This framework enabled direct comparison of molecular diffusion- and particle-mediated delivery. Simulations revealed substantial differences in intraocular transport among the delivery strategies. Contact-lens delivery produced the most homogeneous drug distributions, whereas implant-based delivery generated persistent concentration gradients associated with localised release. Intracameral injection exhibited intermediate behaviour, with rapid redistribution by aqueous humour circulation. Nanocarrier transport showed greater spatial heterogeneity than dissolved-drug transport owing to reduced diffusivity and consequently stronger advection-dominated transport. These findings demonstrate that aqueous humour hydrodynamics are an independent determinant of ocular drug transport and should be considered in the design of sustained ophthalmic drug delivery systems. The proposed framework provides a versatile computational tool for the optimisation of both dissolved-drug and nanocarrier-based glaucoma therapies.

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Nazifa Begum, Robert Dinita, Naman Patel, Umar Pitafi, Tao Chen, Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man, Daniel Sebastia-Saez. 2026-07-18. Comparative CFD modelling of the interplay between aqueous humour hydrodynamics and drug and nanocarrier transport for glaucoma drug delivery via intracameral injection, drug-eluting implants and contact lenses. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01082

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